About Bad Archaeology

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Bad Archaeology is the brainchild of a couple of archaeologists who are fed up with the distorted view of the past that passes for knowledge in popular culture. We are unhappy that books written by people with no knowledge of real archaeology dominate the shelves at respectable bookshops. We do not appreciate news programmes that talk about ley lines (for example) as if they are real.

54 Comments

  1. I am so happy to have found your blog. I’d like to see you take a look at Marija Gimbuta’s later work “feminist archaeology” as an example of a good archaeologist indulging in bad archaeology. I am female, and at the time of reading her work, I was an active and enthusiastic pagan. And still rational enough to be appalled by her mixing up religion with science to make unsupported conclusions…. the pagan community embraced these books with the same fervour as Christians embrace those that “prove” Christ was a real person. I have since become an atheist, which is working out well for me, though I do find myself yelling at the Discovery Channel every time they present a psuedo documentary attempting to validate superstition. It is a good time to become a fortune teller, methinks. In fact…you know someone named David, don’t you?

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    1. https://polldaddy.com/js/rating/rating.jsSyd, I used to be an atheist myself until half way through my college education. I majored in Anthropology & archeology. You’re very mistaken on the lack of proof for Jesus. Have you ever heard of NERO? ( below is the proof for Jesus)
      Not to mention there’s TONS of accepted academic archeology that proves the Bible & its’ stories are historical fact. Including the Exodus. Just 1 of the many things David Rohl (not a Christian or Jew)found is a statue of Joseph with his bright red hair and striped colored coat in its tomb & palace with his sons in Avaris Egypt.
      Rohl’s work is one of the many reasons why I’m no longer allowing myself to be brainwashed by the atheist agenda thats all over the TV! Please research the evolution lie. Just google some scientist who can explain how it’s not possible. It’s roots are actually a pagan idea of 2K yrs ago. Darwin did NOT invent it!
      I dont have the time to add all of the evidence that exists but all you need is 1 SOLID piece and here it is below for Nero.
      — Also, look into the accounts of ISSA in India
      — I recently heard about (but haven’t researched or read yet) Richard Ellis says he found proof Jesus was the King Of Eddesa.
      — Check out: Michael Gleghorn
      He researched all of the non Christian proof of Jesus.
      https://probe.org/ancient-evidence-for-jesus-from-non-christian-sources-2/
      — David Rohl “Patterns of Evidence” documentary movie
      — Pagan Roots Of Evolution:

      NERO PROOF:
      Nero put the blame on Christians for the fire that had destroyed Rome in A.D. 64, the Roman historian Tacitus wrote:
      Nero fastened the guilt . . . on a class hated for their abominations, called Christians by the populace. Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of . . . Pontius Pilatus, and a most mischievous superstition, thus checked for the moment, again broke out not only in Judaea, the first source of the evil, but even in Rome. . . .{5}
      What all can we learn from this ancient (and rather unsympathetic) reference to Jesus and the early Christians? Notice, first, that Tacitus reports Christians derived their name from a historical person called Christus (from the Latin), or Christ. He is said to have “suffered the extreme penalty,” obviously alluding to the Roman method of execution known as crucifixion. This is said to have occurred during the reign of Tiberius and by the sentence of Pontius Pilatus. This confirms much of what the Gospels tell us about the death of Jesus.
      If he wasn’t real why would a very suspicious & untrusting group of ancient people accept him as a God and then it swept over the globe, for what someone who wasn’t real??? I think not!
      I dont have a lot of time now but
      I could add sooo much more info here to prove that the Bible is real and that there is an active army of people who are trying to get all of us to reject the Bible. Why would they put so much time and effort into that? Really ask yourself why over 1 million people & millions of dollars are actively being used all over the media and internet to steer people away from the Bible. Its because it has important info inside.
      —– Just question both sides before you latch onto any belief system ———-
      Also think about this…the same people who are trying to push us all to teach our children about atheism, & to believe there is no God or anything after we die, they do NOT TEACH THEIR KIDS THE SAME THING! They’re VERY religious and do many rituals , its just not to Jesus.
      Please Question everything!

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  2. While I accept and approve the motive behind this site, as a result of my personal experiences in anacient sites, I can say that “ley line” energy is real.

    I am not saying that ALL experiences and theories recorded are “true”, but I know that amazing things happen to me in such places, and that those things have had a very positive effect on my life journey.

    Zen

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    1. When you state with confidence that “ley line” energy is real, what do you mean by “ley line” energy? Energy is a well defined physical phenomenon, a measurable force that can be transformed into several different forms (including kinetic, potential, thermal, gravitational, sound, elastic and electromagnetic energy). Does “ley line” energy fall into this kind of defintion? If so, which type of energy is it? How is it manifested? How is it detected? Is it one of the “subtle energies” so beloved of the New Age, that believers insist cannot be detected by the types of instruments that are used to detect the energies recognised by physicists?

      Secondly, how do you define a “ley line”? Can they be detected by measuring the “energy” that emanates from them? Are they defined by recognising marker points placed along them in antiquity? If so, which marker points are acceptable? Can they be only prehistoric monuments or is it legitimate to include medieval churches? Crossroads that exist today?

      As I say on the main site, there are serious grounds for doubting the existence of ley lines because the alignments do not stand up to critical scrutiny. Tom Williamson and Liz Bellamy published the results of their investigation into them in Ley Lines in Question in 1983, where they demonstrate that many alignments are due to chance and that many longer alignments do not work. The explanation is simple: the method used to find leys has been to use maps and seek out alignments between points, but because all map-making involves distorting the three-dimensional surface of the earth to fit it on to a two-dimensional sheet, the distortion produces measurable inaccuracies between the corners of the map. It is also difficult to understand the logic behind the use of marker points of widely differing dates. Alfred Watkins had originally hypothesised the alignments to be of Neolithic date, as this was the date of the oldest sites on them, which is the reverse of the well established archaeological principle of the terminus post quem, by which something cannot be older than the youngest thing in it. Thus a ley containing crossroads established by early nineteenth-century surveyors enclosing formerly open field systems can be no older than the early nineteenth century. Yet we know the no-one at that time had the faintest notions of establishing a system of alignments that would cover the whole of Great Britain.

      The solution used by ley hunters assumes that more recent features replace ancient marks, yet not a single shred of archaeological evidence is ever adduced to support the assertion. Never mind that not one excavated church site has proved to be on top of a Neolithic (or other prehistoric) sacred site, never mind that not one excavated church site has yielded unequivocal evidence for a pagan Anglo-Saxon sacred site. Ley lines were a bad enough idea when Alfred Watkins first suggested that they were Neolithic trackways. In most cases, the sites that are supposed to mark them are not Neolithic and in some cases, they do not even lie on the supposed leys. This is why archaeologists do not accept their existence. However, their adoption by the New Age community and the ascription of spiritual, psychic or ufological meanings to them has taken them out of the realm of archaeology and orthodox science and has made them an article of faith. In doing so, they have been brought into mainstream popular culture in a form that Alfred Watkins would never have recognised. Like so many fringe ideas, they are easily refuted and can be consigned to the dustbin. Unfortunately, their influence has pervaded modern culture and it will take a serious effort to convince the general public that they do not exist, if that can be done at all.

      I do not doubt that you have experienced many things in special places. I did as a child and continue to do so as an adult, especially on sites of historic significance. I suspect that the difference is that I regard them as entirely subjective experiences, arising from my imagination and the power of places to affect us emotionally, whereas you ascribe them to a “ley line” energy that cannot be detected in the way that all other forms of energy can be detected, on monuments that cannot be shown to exist.

      Liked by 1 person


      1. https://polldaddy.com/js/rating/rating.jsNo one is trying to do anything or get you to do anything with the lines so I dont get how you can say it is a deception like its so evil. No one is making money off of it. It was used in ancient times by Chinese and the Church, & the freemason builders etc. All the people who had all of that secret knowledge that they refused to allow anyone of us to know about. It was only those powerful people that used these lines so they must have known something.

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  3. Hello sir,

    I just recently dove head first into bad archeology via the 2012 phenomenon. The Maya and Egyptian fields seem filled with odd new age ideas. I was wondering if in the future you would comment on the situation? I would also love to see a review of Graham Hancock’s Finger Prints of the Gods. As a novice, I have found several basic errors in the book. However, my knowledge of archeology in general is extremely limited. It would please me to hear it from experts in the field. I hope to read more soon!

    Thanks greatly and best wishes,

    Jason

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  4. QUOTE: Never mind that not one excavated church site has proved to be on top of a Neolithic (or other prehistoric) sacred site, never mind that not one excavated church site has yielded unequivocal evidence for a pagan Anglo-Saxon sacred site. ~END QUOTE.

    Your “education” has made you stupid Mr Matthews. Like most “Trained” people you are blinkered by the lack of imagination and provable-in-a- laboratory facts. I could, if I thought for one millisecond it would be worth the effort, show you to several churches within a few miles of where I live which are proven to be on pre-christian sites. In fact I would go so far as to say suggest that almost ALL pre-reformation ecclesiastical buildings are positioned on such places. You should get out more, feel the rain and wind on your face, get yourself frightened of the dark – oh sorry, you already are! Well, try walking in a straight line across a muddy field at night in mooonlight, then you might get some inkling of the worlds you scoff at so much in your articles.

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    1. I find it amusing how true believers descend into insults when they don’t have a real answer.

      Can you name these churches “proven to be on pre-christian sites?” and reveal the evidence that allows you to identify them as such? In reading reports of church excavations, it is very rare to find that there is any kind of religious or ritual activity pre-dating the use of the site of the church. Sometimes they may be built on top of Roman masonry buildings (perhaps because they were used as churches int he fourth century, or were mausolea associated with people considered holy), but I have yet to hear of one set over an Iron Age shrine, for instance, or a pagan Saxon religious site.

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    2. Mick,
      You write, “get yourself frightened of the dark – oh sorry, you already are!
      What makes you so sure that Keith is frightened of the dark?
      Do you know him personally?

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  5. Hi,

    I don’t know how to get in touch with you more directly, but I wanted to draw your attention on a blatant case of ‘biblical archeology’, therefore, bad archeology, I stumbled upon recently while browsing wikipedia (I know, not a reputable publication, but please bear with me, I’m not a professional). It’s here : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebra_skydisk , in section titled “Nebra Sky Disk, A Record Of The Earth Longest Day?” [retrieved on 2011, January the 29th]. While less impressive than Noa’s ark or other biblical objects chase, the ‘leap of faith’ displayed here is, to put it in your words, quite astounding.

    I leave to your appreciation if there is enough material here for an article, a rebuttal or a blog entry – or just silent contempt.

    Cheers, and keep up high the standards of true science spirit !

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  6. Hi,

    Just though I would give you all a heads up- your RSS feed on your website does not connect to this new blog, it’s connected to your old blog. So it’s a bit hard to subscribe to this site on something other then a wordpress account.

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  7. You guys are a joke.

    The archaeology police – hahahahahahahahahahahahahahahhaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

    omg – Indiana Jones is poisoning our youth, flash the bat signal – we will not stand for this academic debauchery. WE are the archeo-patrol!!!!!

    get a fkn life boys, no – better yet – get girl friends, even if you have to buy them

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  8. I love this site! I’ve always been a fan of archeology, and I read just about everything about it that I could get my hands on as a child. As you’ve probably guessed, that also included a lot of less-than-reputable sources, and I was led to believe in all sorts of wacky things. As an adult, I’ve had to look back and reexamine everything I’d spent many many hours memorizing as a child to determine just what was actually true and what wasn’t. I found it very frustrating.

    But I still love archeology, Egyptology in particular, and I’ve very much enjoyed reading this blog.

    I was recently in a discussion with someone about Exodus and they said that it had to be true because Ron Wyatt discovered the remnants of the Egyptian army in the Red Sea. It looks very suspicious to me, but I was wondering if you might be able to comment on that “finding.” Cheers!

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  9. Hello i love this site. its exactly what i was looking for. However can i ask you a few more questions? Er- im guessing via email. Im going through a drastic decision and i need help from someone out in the actual field. Please?

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  10. who died and elected you the authority over who can or cannot write about or do archaeology? so you are tired of those who present their perspective on the past, seems like they are doing exactly what you do, so i guess you better police yourselves and remove your blogs and websites from the internet and all public access. that is if you want any credibility and avoid the hypocrite label.

    your opinion on what is or isn’t archaeology is no greater than mine or anyone else’s and i have several degrees in the field.

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    1. It’s called “freedom of speech”, Dr Tee.

      Why would some have to die to give me the right? Human sacrifice is an odious and barbaric practice.

      Congratulations on your “several degrees in the field”, by the way. I hope that you gained some insights into the past from them.

      Liked by 1 person

  11. Great to see this site is still going! I was an active member of the forum before that got shut down. Keep up the good work!

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  12. Thank you, thank you, thank you! A breath of fresh air from the tomb as it were. I love John Romer’s little annecdote and I thought Rameses II had a day job that kept him too busy to be a non-existant Jewish king. I have seen his mummy and he is definitely NOT circumcised. There are a few shiny bits on him however, which were probably caused by all that spinning in his grave. Again, thank you.

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  13. Can you sort out your font colour and background colour on this page? It is hard on the eyes!! By the way, I have an MA in Archaeological Practice.. What is archaeology?

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  14. Hey, let’s talk about preconcieved prejudices… “We do not appreciate news programmes that talk about ley lines (for example) as if they are real.”

    Question: (college level philosophy): How can you discover something when you have already determined that it does not exist (I might try this as an assignment for a 500 word essay…)?

    Delima: If you cannot prove something to be true when you have already accepted that it is not true, then do you have to believe the opposite first, i.e., that it is true? Well, that would only deepen the rabbit hole as the author of this article has stated that “If a discovery confirms your pre-held…beliefs, then it’s wishful thinking at best and even more likely to be a fraud.”

    Talk about painting yourself into a corner, this clown does it with pizazz!!!

    By the way, I have a couple of college degrees, one of which is in history, and NONE, NO NOT ONE, of my professors ever accepted a Wikipedia quote in a paper, and the same was true with my psychology professors. So, my question is this, what college did this…clown…go to that enabled him to use Wikipedia quotes enough for him to become comfortable with such? And now that he is educated, why is he still quoting from Wiki instead of doing his own research?

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    1. randy does it again! In his arrogant way, he parades his “couple of college degrees, one of which is in history”, as if that makes him some kind of authority whose words cannot be gainsaid, and chides me for using Wikipedia.

      Now, he may or may not have noticed (careful reading does not appear to be one of his strong points) that this is a blog, not an academic essay. I, too, would refuse to accept Wikipedia as an authority in a paper submitted to me by a student. But, equally, I would not choose to cite papers from learned journals when pointing the reader of a blog post in the direction of further information. I assume that the readers of this blog are adults who are aware of the limitations of Wikipedia as a source of information (although I have to say that its credibility has improved over the past couple of years, since the policy of source citation has been more rigorously enforced); let them decide how useful (or not) these links are.

      randy appears unaware of the archaeological literature that shows that ley lines are a worthless concept, made up in the 1920s on the basis of very poor evidence. If he’s unwilling to accept that, then he may as well complain that stating that the moon is not made of green cheese prevents us from learning about it.

      randy, the whole point of this blog is that we need to understand the evidence behind assertions about the past, not accept things because of the perceived authority of the source. Wikipedia has its place, so long as the user recognises its limitations; I’m willing to believe that you understand evidence and how to marshal it in an argument. Unfortunately, you also have untrammelled faith in your own authority. Talking down to me is not going to persuade me that your criticisms have any validity whatsoever.

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  15. Really enjoy this blog but I’m not sure where you’re going with this stuff about there being no christian sites on top of neolithic sites. That’s well… that’s just bad archaeology.
    Assuming English Heritage aren’t part of some grand conspiracy, we really ought to be able to trust their website…

    http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/knowlton-church-and-earthworks/

    And I know it’s kind of by default becuse the great circle does include an entire Norman village, but there does appear to be a Medieval church inside that there Avebury…

    I also think the people of Rudston in Yorkshire might want to have a quiet word too….

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudston_Monolith

    And this is a pretty damn fine example in Jersey, if you have a look…

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Hougue_Bie

    Actually I could do that all day. There is lots of evidence for this association, it’s just the way you have chosen to make the statement, basically saying it hasn’t turned up in church excavations, is very misleading. Also if you move beyond the UK it keeps happening, the church at Tara in Ireland for instance or all those Dolmens in Portugal that have tiny chapels built into them.

    None of which has any bearing on the Ley Lines, which as you point out, are a methodological error rather than anything real. I would say I think you’re a bit harsh on Watkins, it wasn’t a terrible idea at the time, it was I felt quite reasonable, and quite on par with other early 20th century work (I may not be a believer, I just kind of like the Old Straight Track, it’s a good read) and the fact that it took until the 1980’s to really disprove the phenomenon I actually feel is a testament to how plausible the idea was. Many other ideas from the 1910’s to 30’s were shown to be nonsense in a far shorter time span. Unfortunately Watkin’s subsequent fame in New Age circles leaves him in a difficult position, what we are seeing is early landscape archaeology, but his reputation has been unfairly tarnished (If you don’t believe that, re read Hoskins Making of the Englsih Landscape…. an awful lot of his conclusions have now been shown to be incorrect and yet his reputation has been upheld…). There’s some papers in Antiquity about large enclosures in southern England formed of boundaries of various different ages, and enclosing vast areas. I think we would mostly be happy to dismiss those as folly now, and of a very similar scale and cause as the Ley Lines, but we don’t go peeing on the reputation of those authors just because the new agers haven’t picked up on their work.

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    1. I’ve never said that there are no Neolithic sites beneath Christian sites: that would be foolish. What I do take issue with is the lay-hunters’ assertion that many, if not most, medieval churches were built on sites that have a history of continuous religious use from the Neolithic onwards. Yes, there are plenty of churches built close to or within Neolithic monuments, but they are the exception rather than the rule.

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  16. Yeah, you kind of did…

    “Can you name these churches “proven to be on pre-christian sites?”

    Well I named a few. I could have named a lot more.

    “In reading reports of church excavations, it is very rare to find that there is any kind of religious or ritual activity pre-dating the use of the site of the church.”

    Not that rare obviously.

    Sorry, I should point out that I don’t disagree with you in any way. Even to my mind you have kind of under emphasised this particular relationship, (and don’t forget all the examples of megaliths that have been christianised) and I think it’s related to quite a well understood process of christianising older sites, it has no real bearing on the reasons you are dismissing the lay lines. The main reason being… they don’t really line up.

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  17. I just stumbled on this great site! Good job. I’ve been fascinated by bad archaeology ever since I heard a ridiculous talk by Barry Fell near the beginning of his pseudo-archaeological career.

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  18. A thought occurs to me. Some of the markers on ley-lines are hill-forts. Now, it seems to me that the main reason to put a fort on top of a hill is not to gain the benefit of some magical energy stream which, as far as I can make out, doesn’t actually do anything other than allowing people holding forked twigs who believe in ley-lines to detect that they’re standing on one so long as they already know that. Which doesn’t seem to me to be all that strategically useful. No, you put forts on top of hills because attackers will get shagged out running up the hill.

    So my question is this. If ley-line energy exists, as so many people know that it does, is one of its properties to create hills? I suggest that it would be very simple to test this scientifically. All you need to do is to re-erect some of the fallen parts of Stonehenge, and see whether the UK is struck by violent earthquakes that throw up new hills. Or, alternatively, you could knock the whole thing down and see if Britain suddenly goes all flat. Unfortunately English Heritage probably wouldn’t agree to this, even in the interests of science, but I can’t see any logical flaw in this argument. What do you think?

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  19. Hello, I have been following your site and blog for several years and i can found only one fault… it´s in English.

    Other people and I have translated and subtitled the documentary “debunking ancient aliens” by Chris White,

    http://mundo.paralax.com.mx/astronautas-ancestrales.html

    And I wish to ask your permission to translate some material from you blog, specially the last one about Hanckock that analyze in more detail some of the claims made by the “ancient astronauts” series.

    I hope you would aprove.

    javier Delgado AKA Nanahuatzin.

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  20. Keith,
    I am a publicity specialist with Archaeological Legacy Institute and our annual film festival, The 2014 TAC International Film and Video Festival, will be taking place May 9th-13th in Eugene, OR. We were wondering if you would be interested in sharing this festival with your readers, as we are a non-profit and don’t have much money for publicity. Any help in publicizing the event would be greatly appreciated! Feel free to shoot me an email if you’re interested.

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  21. Please consider converting this into a Facebook page. It makes it so much easier to keep up with new posts if they’re part of the Facebook news stream that pretty much everyone checks regularly,

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  22. The thing that drives me bonkers are the claims about “ancient aliens”! That’s all there is on TV nowadays about history! I wonder what the ancient people who built the monuments would think about aliens stealing all the the credit! I write my own history blog called “History is Interesting :)”. http://historyisfascinating.wordpress.com/

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  23. I have just discovered your site and think I’m in love! A great example of clear writing and rational scientific arguments. It’s already been added to my feed and I’m pretty sure some of my more gullible friends will be hating me soon. Keep up the good work!

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  24. THANK YOU so much for existing. I am an editor working on a documentary television series that asserts every one of these crazy claims you debunk here. As the daughter of an anthropologist, I have been routinely outraged by the shoddy claims and connections they make in support of the ancient astronaut theory. Even though I KNOW they’re wrong, I feel the compulsive need to read the true story of these amazing places. Stumbled upon your site in search of an explanation of the elongated skulls missing that central seam, and you provided exactly the answer I was looking for (and had already guessed). THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU for existing and for doing all this hard work on this blog. There is hope for humanity after all…..

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  25. Hi!
    your blog and website are amazing. You’re really helping with the explanations.
    May I ask if you have any information, or you could retrieve any, about the so called Kupang artfact? This is a old stone, on which are supposedly carved some signs recalling those on the golden disk flying on Voyager space probes. It might surely be a good subject for one of your next posts.
    Thank you!
    Stefano

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  26. So lemme guess… in your opinion Cynthia Irwin-Williams and Virginia Steen-McIntyre are just a couple of evidence/data faking, pseudoscientific nutters as well?

    Just curious what you guys think. I was figuring those two gals just menstruated too much and became retarded from really severe iron deficiency anemia. Or possibly that they have some other form of weird uterine induced hysteria.

    I mean really… 250,000 years? Yeah, and I’ll bet that the space alien that gave them THAT number had been riding the white cotton pony herself for the same length of time, fer shur!

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    1. Well, it’s been a year. Still waiting to find out if “Archeology” is going to admit to misogyny and politicization or if it will continue to thumb it’s nose at the Biologists and Geologists as having better science than they do. Can’t wait to find out!

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      1. Well, Robert, it’s been more like five-and-a-half months, but who’s counting when you’re flinging insults?

        The Hueyatlaco site is an interesting one, though I have to say that I don’t know too much about it. From what I’ve been able to find out, the site was well excavated and both Irwin-Williams and Steen-McIntire were perfectly good archaeologists. Irwin-Williams never favoured dates as old as those preferred by Steen-McIntire and the two had a bit of a falling-out over them.

        The issue seems to be the discrepancies between the radiocarbon dates and the geological dates. There are ways of explaining these issues, but either way, the date for human activity at the site is anomalously ancient.

        My view? I’m prepared to accept an earlier arrival for small groups of humans in the Americas than is currently believed. Irwin-Williams seems to have preferred a date around 20,000 bp; I see no reason to mistrust the radiocarbon determination of 35,000 bp.

        You weren’t expecting that answer, were you?

        By the way, it’s your original post that strikes me as horribly misogynistic.

        Also, it’s spelled “Archaeology”, even in a-deficient American English.

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  27. Hey Keith,

    I just encountered your commentary on Ravenscroft’s Spear of Destiny. Overall, I can say that I’ve really enjoyed the book. If one manages to put the historical innacuracy and the fabricated lunacy of the book behind, it is a fun read. There is a lot of historical accuracy in the book distributed amongst the general innaccuracy. Many readers focus solely on the innaccuracy and simply dismiss the text. Anyways, like all books of this nature, one must take it with a large heap of salt and just enjoy it for what it is.

    Regardless, I think your analysis of it was spot on.

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  28. Love the blog. I am CRM archaeologist with PhD. In anthropology and MA in History. I specialize in native north American archaeology, but study and specialize in ancient metallurgy. I’m a skeptic an archaeologist and historian. If you ever need any help. Let me know. Great work.

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  29. Do you know that everything you “know” to be to be true once came as a theory.
    I is dangerous to think we know it all.
    We should always be curious about the world around us.
    We should never stop asking questions.

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  30. I have some questions for you,
    Firstly id like to say as an Electrical Engineer im very interested in lay-lines/earth energy grid concept. i believe the energy could be in the form of Sound in the gigahertz range, based on the idea that our planet rings like a bell due to the oscillating wobble of our orbit. Ontop of that you have the magnetic field of the earth which also could play a part in the energy conversion/generation.
    I think theres a possibility that Stone circles could have been constructed in such a way to amplify this to the surface. This is just based on my own theorising to how it could be possible.
    Until proof beyond dout is there then my mind will always remain open.

    Please debunk the following and what it suggests
    The existence of ancient maps showing pre ice-age continent formation inc Antarctica , Japan, India, Africa, america then debunk the lost city’s and megaliths found in these areas,
    world wide story of global cataclysmic event aprox 12k years ago.
    Backed up by examining our climate though looking at Greenland ice caps.
    Fossil records showing mass extinction of the larger animals of the planet in the same time frame,
    The dates Plato gives for the fall of his so called “Atlantis” of which also co-inside with these dates.,
    Ancient Egyptian mythology regarding the fall/story of the “primevil ones” from the temple of Horus. saved from archives of older temples being swallowed up by the sea after being assaulted by a snake described as “the great leaping one” or cosmic serpent a phrase used to describe a commit.
    Out of place artefacts in south America and all over the world

    Stone circles in Africa with measured frequency differences to surrounding areas, although ive not been there yet to measure it i believe its been said they also give off heat but this could easily be retained from sunlight during the day so it requires further investigation.

    Easter island heads being burred in thousands of years worth of sediment, according to geologists.
    Blatant water weathering of the great Spynx
    The list is endless

    Already Göbekli Tepe (purposely burred giving us an undeniable date compared to other sites that have been contaminated by younger organic material) 11600years ago and other sites which have been excavated and dated by more open minded archaeologists and geologists are forcing conventional archaeology to rewrite the age of the oldest megaliths. so now that date is given as the “Sudden” invention of the Megalithics.
    lol just hunter gather to that over a generation.

    Aliens? who knows but what is extremely plausible is that humanity has advanced before to a high level capable of such wonders.
    Unfortunatly something happend which wiped out alot of life on the planet.Forcing survivors to focus on exactly that, perhaps tried to conserve there culture by passing it on to the opposite ends of the earth but mainly only leaving only snippets confined to what we now consider mythology.

    i also urge you to consider what happens to people who go against the conforms of accepted science like the German lady who discovered South American Coca and Tobacco fibers on the mummy’s of Egypt. she was instantly discredited and lost her career.
    This was later backed up by Russian scientists.

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  31. I personally think your site boarders in Disinformation.
    Dr. Dan, above, could not have said it better: “I’m a skeptic an archaeologist and historian”. Which it makes me ponder, how much of that skepticism will translate into clouds of disbelief of any find or the distortion of a theory, since it apparently holds first place over his achievements.

    Your research seems to be very complete and professional, then why not just expressing your point of view on each subject instead of trying to “debunk” everybody else’s idea?

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